Frost dates for Seneca, SD
When the last spring frost and first fall frost usually come, and when to plant, from 30 years of NOAA weather records.
Last spring frost
May 14
typical year
Safe to plant
May 25
frost is over in 9 of 10 years
First fall frost
September 29
typical year
Growing season
138 days
frost-free, typical year
Frost watch this week
Tonight's and the next six nights' lows from the National Weather Service forecast for the station's location. Frost: 32°F or colder. Possible frost: 33–36°F, mostly in low spots on clear, still nights.
When to plant
Counted from this page's frost dates. Warm-season crops wait for the safe-to-plant date.
| Crop | Start indoors | Plant outside | Fall planting |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cool-season crops | |||
| Peas | – | Apr 16 – 30 | – |
| Spinach | – | Apr 2 – 23 | Aug 4 – 18 |
| Lettuce | – | Apr 16 – May 7 | Aug 4 – 18 |
| Radishes | – | Apr 16 – May 28 | Aug 18 – Sep 1 |
| Onions | – | Apr 16 – 30 | – |
| Potatoes | – | Apr 23 – May 7 | – |
| Carrots | – | Apr 23 – May 14 | Jul 7 – 21 |
| Beets | – | Apr 16 – 30 | Jul 21 – Aug 4 |
| Kale | Mar 5 – 19 | Apr 16 – 30 | Jul 21 – Aug 4 |
| Broccoli | Mar 5 – 19 | Apr 30 – May 14 | Jul 21 – Aug 4 |
| Cabbage | Feb 19 – Mar 5 | Apr 16 – 30 | Jul 21 – Aug 4 |
| Garlic | – | – | Aug 18 – Sep 8 |
| Warm-season crops | |||
| Tomatoes | Mar 30 – Apr 13 | May 25 – Jun 8 | – |
| Peppers | Mar 23 – Apr 6 | Jun 1 – 15 | – |
| Cucumbers | – | May 25 – Jun 15 | – |
| Zucchini | – | May 25 – Jun 22 | – |
| Pumpkins | – | May 25 – Jun 15 | – |
| Green beans | – | May 25 – Jul 21 | – |
| Sweet corn | – | May 25 – Jun 22 | – |
| Basil | Apr 20 – May 4 | Jun 1 – 8 | – |
Onions: from sets. Green beans: until 10 weeks before the first fall frost. Garlic: harvest next summer.
The year at a glance
Start indoors Plant outside Fall planting
The chance of frost, by date
| 1 year in 10 | Half of years | 9 years in 10 | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Spring frost after | May 25 | May 14 | April 30 |
| Fall frost before | September 16 | September 29 | October 12 |
Frost here means 32°F or colder. Read across: in 1 year in 10, spring frost carries on past the first date, which is why that date is the safe-to-plant date.
Hard freeze (28°F)
A hard freeze kills most garden plants, even hardy ones. The last one in spring usually comes around May 4 (May 17 in a late year), and the first one in fall around October 7.
Towns that use these dates
This is the nearest NOAA station with frost records for 1 town.
Seneca
Where these dates come from
NOAA weather station HIGHMORE 23 N, SD US (USC00393838), 1991–2020 climate normals. It's the nearest station for 1 zip code, all within 10 miles:
57473
Planting dates follow common university extension advice; your local extension service can fine-tune them for your soil and microclimate.